On average, 92 percent of all customer outages result from problems on the power distribution system, and these power interruptions are costly-both for customers and utilities.

Electricity grid vulnerabilities can lead to outages with prolonged load interruptions. Research activities on the impact of natural disasters on power system are underway to figure out the outage reasons, identify the ways to prepare for preventive actions, and increase the resiliency for the corrective and preventive actions under such scenarios. This paper presented a review of the methods for the electricity grid vulnerability analysis, pre-disaster recovery planning, and post-disaster restoration models.

The objective of the R&D Program is to promote and make feasible the complete cycle of the research, development and innovation (RD&I) chain, encouraging the association of companies around initiatives that have the appropriate scale to develop knowledge and transform good ideas.

This document reviews experience with efforts in developing countries by private as well as state-owned electricity companies to reduce total losses in transmission and distribution and provides examples of sustainable reductions.

Losses and purchase price should be considered when deciding which transformer to purchase. The purpose of this bulletin is to present a uniform approach that can be used to determine the dollar value of these losses over the life of the transformer. Below is typical wording of a transformer loss evaluation clause for insertion into bidding documents that specifies how losses will be evaluated.